COVID-19 Vaccine

Book an appointment or walk-in to one of our mobile vaccine clinic locations to receive a primary series (first or second dose), or a bivalent booster if eligible.

As of February 17, 2023, flu vaccine will no longer be available at Public Health clinics. Please visit www.hamilton.ca/flu to get information on where to get your flu vaccine.

Note: Walk-ins must arrive at least 15 minutes prior to the clinic closing (for lunch or end of day).

These clinics are available by appointment only.

• If your child is younger than 5 years of age, ensure that your child hasn’t had another vaccine within the previous 14 days. Plan to have them get the Covid vaccine at least 14 days after they receive other vaccinations.
• If your child has high anxiety about vaccination or requires a sensory friendly clinic, contact the COVID-19 Vaccine Hotline at 905-974-9848, option 7 about local vaccination options.
• Talk to your child at an age-appropriate level, about the vaccine. Explain what it is for and how it helps.

• Make sure your child eats and drinks as usual, to prevent feeling faint or dizzy while being vaccinated.
• Make sure your child wears a loose-fitting/short sleeve t-shirt.
• Talk to your child about how to deal with anxiety and pain from the needle (see tips below). It is normal for children to be nervous about getting a needle. 
• Pack a mask if your child is able to wear one, favourite toy or stuffy, or download a show on your device to bring to the clinic.
• Make sure you have your child’s health card.
• Read and print the vaccine consent form if a parent/guardian will not be bringing the child to the vaccine clinic. 
• Read and print the COVID-19 Pre-Assessment form for children and youth 5-11 if a parent/guardian will not be bringing the child to the vaccine clinic.
• Read the Ministry webpage: COVID-19 vaccine for children and youth and ask your doctor if you have any medical questions before getting the vaccine.
• Take any medications, as usual.
• Screen for COVID-19 symptoms. Do not attend the clinic if you/your child has symptoms.

It is important to be open and honest with your children about COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines. Plan to have a discussion with your child , at an age-appropriate level about the vaccine. Read Toronto Public Health’s How to Talk to Kids about Getting Vaccinated  to guide your discussion.

Some clinics have additional supports such as ice, private areas, fidget toys, and other items to help with distraction and pain reduction. You can stay with your child when they receive their vaccine.

Resources

• Learn about the CARD (Comfort, Ask, Relax, Distract) system that provides strategies to use before and during vaccination or print CARDs.
• Watch McMaster Children’s Hospital staff speak about preparing children for getting a COVID-19 vaccine
• Read how to reduce the pain of vaccination
• Needle fears(PDF, 321.81 KB)
• Tips on supporting children or youth if they have a fear of needles
• Needle-related fainting
• Vaccination tips for youth with autism and neurodevelopmental disabilities (McMaster Children’s Hospital)

6 months to under 5 years old
As of October 11, 2022, both Pfizer and Moderna have authorized mRNA Covid-19 vaccines for this age group.  These vaccines are the same vaccines that adults are given, but the dose is lower.  Younger children need a lower dose of the vaccine to get the same protection from COVID-19.

To complete a primary series, your child will need 2 doses if receiving the Moderna vaccine and 3 doses if receiving the Pfizer vaccine.  All doses should be given 8 weeks apart.

The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommendations to approve this vaccine were based on reviewed clinical trial data on the safety, efficacy and immune response produced by the vaccine as well as a risk-benefit of vaccination for this age group.

5 to 11 year olds
Currently, to complete their primary series, children aged 5-11 years will be offered two doses of the Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine (10 microgram dose). All Ontarians aged five and over are eligible to book a bivalent booster dose starting December 21. Bivalent booster doses are recommended for anyone aged five and older and not at high-risk of severe COVID-19 illness if it has been six months since their last dose. For individuals at high risk for severe COVID-19 illness bivalent boosters are recommended if it has been three months since their last dose.

Lower dose vaccination used for younger children
Younger children have better immune systems, and therefore require a smaller amount of vaccine to protect against COVID-19. The lower dose can reduce the side effects they may experience after getting the vaccine.

Number of doses and dose Interval
NACI recommends a complete primary series of a mRNA COVID-19 vaccine for anyone who is 6 months of age and older. A complete primary series consists of 2 doses, with the exception children 6 months to under 5 years, that receive the Pfizer vaccine. The recommended interval between the first and second dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine is 8 weeks.

Children and youth who are moderately or severely immunocompromised should receive a three dose primary series.

• Before approving any vaccine, Health Canada does a rigorous review. Vaccines are only approved if they are determined to be safe and effective.
• The COVID-19 vaccine has been tested in separate clinical trials for children age 6 months to under 5 years of age and 5 to 11 years of age.
• Health Canada conducted a thorough review of the study data for the use of the vaccine in these respective age groups and have determined  that they are  safe and effective.
• Health Canada will continue to monitor vaccine safety in all age groups.
• The COVID-19 vaccines are now approved under full authorization for people born in 2009 and earlier.
• If you have questions or concerns about vaccine safety for your child:
  • talk to their health care provider
  • call the Provincial Vaccine Contact Centre at 1-833-943-3900.
  • visit the COVID-19 Vaccine Consult Service to book a phone appointment with a SickKids Registered Nurse: sickkids.ca/vaccineconsult

Learn more about how vaccines are developed and approved.

Similar to other vaccines, children can experience side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine. These side effects are part of their body’s efforts to build immunity to COVID-19 following vaccination. Common side effects include:

• Red or sore arm near the injection site

• Feeling more irritable/crying

• Feeling more tired than usual
• Headache
• Achy muscles or joints,
• Fever and chills
• Vomiting and diarrhea

• Loss of appetite

These side effects are usually mild and go away within 1-3 days. The benefits of getting vaccinated and being protected against COVID-19 outweigh the risks of side effects from the vaccine.

Information on vaccine side effects can be found in the FAQs

A very small number of cases of myocarditis and pericarditis (heart inflammation) were reported after getting the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Most cases occurred in young adult males between 18 and 30 years of age after the second dose of vaccine, and most had mild illness and recovered quickly.  No cases of myocarditis or pericarditis were found in the clinical trials among among 6 month to 4 year olds and 5 to 11 year olds.

There is a greater risk of myocarditis or pericarditis if someone gets COVID-19 compared to getting the COVID-19 vaccine.

Listen to Dr. Pernica from McMaster Children’s Hospital talk about COVID-19 vaccine side effects in children

While children usually only experience mild symptoms of COVID-19, or no symptoms at all, some children may experience more severe outcomes. Vaccination is the best and safest way to provide added protection for children.

Benefits

• The vaccine reduces the risk of getting very sick and being hospitalized with COVID-19, and may reduce the risk of getting Long COVID.
• Higher vaccination rates protect the community. High community vaccination rates are associated with fewer infections, less symptomatic disease, and lower rates of hospitalization and ICU admissions
• Getting vaccinated after a recent COVID-19 infection can provide longer lasting immunity.

• People who are unvaccinated, including unvaccinated children, are at highest risk of severe illness and hospitalization for COVID-19 infection.
• Most children who get infected with COVID-19 usually experience mild symptoms, or no symptoms at all. However, some children may develop more severe symptoms and require hospitalization, even if they did not have other health conditions.
• COVID-19 infection in children may lead to rare but serious health conditions, including:
  • Myocarditis or pericarditis (heart inflammation)
  • Multi-system inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C), a serious inflammatory reaction that can occur after having COVID-19 and often requires hospitalization or ICU admission.
  • Long COVID-19 ( a long-term condition where symptoms can last for weeks or months after getting COVID-19 including shortness of breath, severe tiredness, difficulty concentrating and more.

With so much information being shared about COVID-19, it can be hard to know what to believe. The Canadian Paediatric Society provides some helpful tips to help you evaluate your immunization information. You can also speak with your doctor or health care provider.

Parents in Hamilton talk about making the decision to get their children vaccinated to protect them and their loved ones against COVID-19.

If my child is almost 12 years old, which vaccine should they get?

Children who receive the pediatric formulation of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (10 mcg) for their first dose who turn 12 by the time of their second dose may receive the adolescent/adult formulation of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (30 mcg) for their second dose. If a child who has turned 12 by the time of their second dose receives the pediatric formulation (10 mcg), their series should still be considered valid and complete.

If my child is almost 5 years old, which vaccine should they get?

For children who have received a Moderna (25 mcg) dose and turn 5 years of age before completing their primary series, the recommendation is to receive Moderna (25 mcg) to complete their primary series.

If my child is turning 5 later this year, should I wait for the 5-11 year dose?

The decision on when to vaccinate your young child should be based on personal and medical circumstance. For those families who have made the personal choice to get their young children vaccinated, a primary series of two doses of Moderna (25 mcg) COVID-19 vaccine, or three doses of Pfizer-BioNTech (3mcg) vaccine, with a recommended 8-week interval between subsequent doses, is offered to children 6 months to 5 years of age who do not have contraindications to the vaccine.

Children with an underlying medical condition are encouraged to receive their first and second dose COVID-19 vaccinations when eligible.

If you have questions or concerns about vaccinating your child:

• talk to their health care provider
• call the Provincial Vaccine Contact Centre at 1-833-943-3900.
• visit the COVID-19 Vaccine Consult Service to book a phone appointment with a SickKids Registered Nurse: sickkids.ca/vaccineconsult

Why is the dose the same for all 5 to 11 year olds?

The effectiveness of a vaccine depends on the maturity of the immune system rather than body weight. For that reason, there are age-based dosing regimens for all vaccines.

Why is the dose the same for all 6 months to under 5 year olds?

The effectiveness of a vaccine depends on the maturity of the immune system rather than body weight. For that reason, there are age-based dosing regimens for all vaccines.

What are the differences between the Moderna dose for children under 5 years and the Pfizer dose for children 5-11 years?

Because the Moderna and Pfizer vaccine are mRNA vaccines they use a similar technology (see “How do COVID-19 mRNA vaccines work” for more information).  They just have different concentrations for different age groups.

Children who are 6 months to under 5 years of age are eligible for a two dose primary series of Moderna (25mcg), or a 3 dose primary series of Pfizer (3mcg).  Children who turn 5 years of age between their first and second doses should complete the series with the same vaccine brand.  For individuals 5-29 years of age, the preferential recommendation is for the use of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to start a primary series or as a booster dose. This recommendation is due to an observed increase in the number of reports of myocarditis/pericarditis (a rare condition causing inflammation of the heart) following vaccination with Moderna compared to Pfizer-BioNTech in adolescents and young adults (12-29 years of age), particularly among males. While the risk of myocarditis/pericarditis is very rare, and the benefits of COVID-19 vaccines continue to outweigh their potential risks, the recommendation for 5-29 year olds to receive Pfizer-BioNTech rather than Moderna was made out of abundance of caution.

How do COVID-19 mRNA vaccines work?

Vaccines teach your immune system how to protect you from diseases. It's much safer for your immune system to learn this through vaccination than by catching the diseases and attempting to treat them.

mRNA technology has been studied for more than 10 years, most often in cancer research and treatment as well as in the development of new vaccines against such infections as pandemic influenza and rabies.  Shortly after COVID-19 was identified scientists were able to map the genes that make up the COVID-19 virus. Once the structure of the genes was known, especially of the spike protein that allows that virus to fuse with and enter our cells, scientists were able to quickly create the vaccine and start the clinical trials that have resulted in the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines that have been approved for use by Health Canada.

Below is an explanation of how the Pfizer-BioNtech and Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccines work with your body’s immune response to fight off the COVID-19 virus.

COVID-19 mRNA vaccines tell your body to make "spike proteins" (these cover the outside of the virus and allow it to attach to and enter our cells) specific to virus that causes COVID-19.

• Your immune system responds to spike proteins by making antibodies that bind to and block the spike protein on the virus’s surface. This is important for protection from disease because the spike protein is what attaches to human cells, allowing the virus to enter. Blocking this entrance prevents infection.
• Your new antibodies will attack the spike proteins
• Your new antibodies and immune cells will protect you from illness if you are exposed to COVID-19 virus in the future by remembering how to attack the spike protein

What is a COVID-19 bivalent vaccine?

• Both the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 bivalent booster vaccines are a mRNA vaccine approved by Health Canada as safe and effective.  The Pfizer Bivalent vaccine has been approved for use for individuals 5 years of age and older. The Moderna Bivalent vaccine has been approved for individuals 18 years of age and older.
• Bivalent means that the vaccine contains two strains of COVID-19 – the original strain and Omicron (BA.1).
• Over time, protection from vaccination decreases. Boosters help to increase your protection against severe COVID-19 outcomes. The bivalent fall booster dose helps people protect themselves against the highly contagious Omicron variant which is the most common variant in Hamilton and across Ontario.
• The monovalent, original Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, containing only the original strain of COVID-19, will still be used to complete the primary series (first and second dose).
• For those who have completed their primary series and are not at high-risk of severe COVID-19 illness, it is recommended to wait 6 months from your last dose before receiving your bivalent booster dose.
• Individuals at high risk of severe COVID-19 illness, a bivalent booster is recommended if it has been three months since their last dose.

Will the mRNA vaccines interact with DNA?

mRNA cannot change your DNA. DNA is contained in the nucleus of our cells. mRNA cannot get into the nucleus or interact with our DNA. mRNA  means ‘messenger RNA’

mRNA is a part of our genetic material that gives instructions to the body, like a recipe. It simply delivers a message.

• For COVID-19, the mRNA vaccine tells the body to make a harmless “spike protein”. This spike protein is found on the outside of the COVID-19 virus (but is not the virus itself). Our immune system recognizes the spike protein as something that shouldn’t be there and quickly works to attack it by building antibodies and immune cells that will attack the COVID virus if you are exposed in the future.

Human cells break down and get rid of the mRNA soon after they have finished using the instructions. mRNA does not interact with the part of our cells that holds our DNA and cannot be ‘swapped out’ or change the DNA sequence.

Can I get other vaccines at the same time or after my COVID-19 vaccine?

The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) has concluded that those age 5+ can get other vaccines at the same time as the COIVD-19 vaccine. You do not need to wait a certain number of days before or after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine to get another vaccine.

For individuals ages 6 months to 5 years old:

• At this time, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommends that the Moderna (25 mcg) COVID-19 vaccine not be given at the same time, or shortly before or after, other vaccines. Children aged 6 months to 5 years receiving the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine should wait at least 14 days before or after another vaccine if possible.
• This is a precaution to help to determine if a side effect that may arise is due to the COVID-19 vaccine or another vaccine, rather than a safety concern.
• Parents/guardians should consider these recommendations when choosing an appointment date for children’s vaccinations.
• The minimum waiting period between vaccines is precautionary and there may be circumstances when a dose of a COVID-19 vaccine and another vaccine need to be given at the same time or less than 14 days apart. A healthcare provider can help with this decision.

Watch video about getting COVID-19 vaccine at the same time as other vaccines (Black Physicians' Association of Ontario, October 2021)

If I get the vaccine, how long will it protect me?

We do not yet know how long COVID-19 vaccine protection lasts. Research into this question continues to emerge. As additional information becomes available this section will be updated. A completed two dose COVID-19 vaccine series provides strong protection against COVID-19 and severe outcomes, in the general population. There is evidence to suggest that vaccination protection against infection decreases over time while protection against severe disease – the primary goal of vaccination- is longer-lasting. However, two doses may not provide sufficient protection based on suboptimal or waning immune response to vaccines and increased risk of COVID-19 infection. Booster doses can increase immunity and provide further protection. The duration of immunity from contracting the infection also remains unknown. Ongoing monitoring of the COVID-19 vaccines and their  effects on long-term immunity continues.

Can I get COVID-19 after being vaccinated?

COVID-19 infections may occur among fully-vaccinated individuals, however people who are up to date on their vaccines are more likely to have stronger protection against COVID-19 and COVID-19 variants.

The main goal of vaccination is to prevent serious outcomes from occurring. COVID-19 vaccines are very effective at reducing the risk of severe illness, hospitalization and death

Your risk of getting COVID-19 and becoming seriously ill or dying is significantly higher if you are not vaccinated, than if you are fully vaccinated. We also know that two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine provide good protection, but being up-to-date with recommended vaccinations is the best way to protect yourself.

Will these COVID-19 vaccines work on new COVID variants?

Data about the efficacy of vaccines against variants is evolving. The National Advisory Committee on Immunization in Canada will continue to monitor the evidence and update recommendations as needed. According to the World Health Organization, vaccines based on the ancestral strain of SARS-Cov-2 virus continue to provide strong protection against severe disease and death across all virus variants seen to date.

The new fall COVID-19 bivalent booster vaccines contain both the original virus strain and the Omicron variant and may provide better protection against Omicron variants.

If I received the COVID-19 vaccine and need a COVID-19 test a few days later, will I test positive for COVID-19?

Getting a COVID-19 vaccine will not give you a positive result on a COVID-19 test that is needed for travel. It is possible to test positive on an antibody test. However, these are blood tests and are not commonly used in Ontario.

Can I mix vaccine brands for my first, second, third and booster doses?

The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) has confirmed that a mixed vaccine schedule (receiving both Moderna and Pfizer) can be completed safely and is effective. All vaccines provide strong protection against COVID-19 and its variants. 

For  5 to 29 year olds, it is recommended to receive the Pfizer vaccine as a booster dose if eligible.

Getting a COVID-19 vaccine will not give you a positive result on a COVID-19 test that is needed for travel. It is possible to test positive on an antibody test. However, these are blood tests and are not commonly used in Ontario.

Safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine

To date, there are 6 COVID-19 vaccines approved for use in Canada by Health Canada.

• Pfizer-BioNTech - approved December 9, 2020
• Moderna - approved December 23, 2020
• AstraZeneca - approved February 26, 2021
• Janssen/Johnson & Johnson - approved March 5, 2021
• Novavax - approved February 17, 2022
• Medicago - approved February 24, 2022

I’ve already had COVID-19. Should I still get vaccinated?

Yes. You should still consider getting vaccinated. We do not know the length of immune response in those who have had a COVID-19 infection. When you get the COVID-19 vaccine, it can help protect you against serious outcomes that can occur as a result of getting infected with the COVID-19 virus.

If I had COVID-19, how long should I wait before getting a COVID-19 vaccine?

Infection with COVID-19 prior to getting 1st or 2nd dose (or completing primary series)

Individuals  6 months of age and older who are not considered immunocompromised and with no previous history of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)

• Suggested interval: receive their first or second dose 8 weeks after the start of symptoms, or the date of their positive test if they didn’t have symptoms.

Individuals 6 months of age and older  who are moderately to severely immunocompromised, and with no previous history of MIS-C:

•  Suggested  interval: receive the vaccine 4-8 weeks after the start of symptoms or the date of their positive test if they didn’t have symptoms.

Individuals 6 months of age and older with a previous history of MIS-C (regardless of immunocompromised status):

•  Suggested interval: receive the vaccine when clinical recovery has been achieved or ≥90 days since the onset of MIS-C, whichever is longer.

You can discuss the timing of doses with your doctor or health care provider. With informed consent, individuals may also receive a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as they do not have symptoms and have completed their isolation after being sick with COVD-19. However, longer intervals between infection and vaccination may result in a better immune response.

Infection with COVID-19 after 2nd dose (or completing primary series) but before first booster dose and/or second booster dose.
Individuals who are eligible for booster dose(s)

• Suggested interval Minimum of 6 months after symptoms started or 6 months after receiving a positive test result if you didn’t have symptoms.

You can discuss the timing of doses with your doctor or health care provider. With informed consent, individuals may also receive a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as they do not have symptoms and have completed their isolation after being sick with COVD-19. However, longer intervals between infection and vaccination may result in a better immune response.  The recommended timing for booster doses is at least 6 months after COVID infection.

If there are effective treatments for COVID-19, why do we need a vaccine?

It is always better to prevent an the severe outcomes of an illness, rather than treating it. A vaccine can help stop you from getting very ill, decrease the severity of the disease and slow its spread in the community.

Vaccinations may also reduce the likelihood of developing Long-COVID (a condition where physical and mental health symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, pain, sleep disturbances, anxiety and depression persist for weeks or months after having COVID-19).

How do I decide if vaccination is right for me and my family?

Get informed and make your decisions based on evidence and what makes sense for your family.

Vaccination is a personal choice that is important for prevention of serious disease. Public Health recommends that everyone who is eligible gets their recommended vaccinations . Take the time to read and understand the vaccine information on this page and from other reliable sources.  Follow-up by asking questions and reaching out to trusted medical experts like your family doctor, nurse practitioner, or health care provider.

To ask a health care provider (doctor or nurse) additional questions about COVID-19 vaccines:

• Book an appointment with SHN to speak with a doctor online or by phone 416-438-2911 ext. 5738
• Book an appointment with Sick Kids Hospital to speak with a pediatric nurse about COVID-19 vaccines for youth or by phone 437-881-3505

Why should you get vaccinated?

Vaccination can protect you against serious outcomes from a COVID-19 infection, including hospitalization and death. Vaccination, especially within the first few months following the vaccine, also decreases your risk of getting COVID-19 and spreading it to others who might be at higher risk of illness, even if you don’t have symptoms. While some populations such as children and youth typically experience mild symptoms, others can get very sick, require hospitalization and experience more serious and longer-lasting symptoms. In very rare cases, the virus can also cause death.

If a new vaccine is being developed and is likely to be ready soon, shouldn’t I wait to get boosted/vaccinated?

While COVID-19 vaccines continue to be highly effective in preventing hospitalizations and death, protection offered by vaccines wanes over time. To extend protection, you are encouraged to stay up-to-date with all of your recommended vaccinations.

For all age groups it is strongly recommended that you get a primary series as soon as you are eligible. A first booster dose is also strongly recommended for individuals 5+ as soon as you are eligible.

Being up-to-date with your booster doses is also strongly recommended for individuals who are immunocompromised or considered to be at high-risk of severe disease.

Community members 18 to 59 years old with an underlying health condition(s), such as heart disease or cancer, are recommended to receive all booster doses for which they are eligible.

While most community members aged 18 to 59 years old will continue to have strong protection against COVID-19 more than six months after their first booster dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, community members can make an informed-decision based on their and their loved one’s personal circumstance about additional booster doses.

How many people have been vaccinated in Hamilton?

Find out how many people have been vaccinated in Hamilton

Development and approval of the vaccine felt rushed. Is the vaccine safe?

There is a misconception that vaccine research must take a long time. While creating a new vaccine can sometimes take years, the progress on COVID-19 vaccines is happening quickly for many reasons, including:

• advances in science and technology
• international collaboration among scientists, health professionals, researchers, industry and governments
• increased dedicated funding

For any vaccine to reach the general public it must pass careful evaluation by Health Canada and will have to pass safety standards for all age groups it is approved for. What made this vaccine approval feel  faster in comparison to other vaccines is the result of a shared effort by researchers and scientists in every part of the world who combined new processes for review and evaluation of clinical trial data in addition to increased funding for vaccine research.

No corners were cut while creating the vaccines. One minor change to the usual process was put in place: clinical trials were run at the same time as the vaccines were being made/manufactured; that way, vaccines could be shipped out to different countries as soon as the vaccines were approved by the different countries’ health authorities.

A list of COVID-19 vaccines approved by Health Canada

Additional information about COVID-19 vaccines from the National advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI)

What is in the COVID-19 vaccine?

COVID-19 vaccines do not contain eggs, gelatin (pork), beef, fetal products, gluten, latex, antibiotics, mercury, formaldehyde, thimerosal or aluminum. There are no ingredients that would be restricted for dietary or religious reasons.

The complete list of ingredients for each vaccine can be found at:

• Pfizer-BioNTech: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/vaccines/pfizer-biontech.html
• Moderna: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/vaccines/moderna.html
• AstraZeneca: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/vaccines/astrazeneca.html
• Johnson & Johnson: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/vaccines/janssen.html
• Novavax: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/vaccines/novavax.html

What are the potential side effects of the vaccine?

After being vaccinated, it's common to have mild side effects. This is the body's natural response, as it's working hard to build immunity against the disease. This is known as the inflammatory response or reaction..

Learn more about COVID-19 vaccine safety and side effects

.If you have questions about possible side effects, reach out your health care provider (doctor, nurse or pharmacist).

In rare cases, serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) can occur. Allergic reactions can be treated and are usually temporary. Seek medical attention if you have trouble breathing, have hives or swelling of the face and throat.

Vaccine side effects will continue to be monitored as people receive the vaccine. If you get a reaction to the vaccine, contact your health care provider who will report the side effect directly to public health. Public health will keep track of the reported side effects. See below for reporting side effects.

Expected side effects (Pfizer & Moderna) (Janssen/J & J) (Novavax)(PDF, 134.94 KB)

Rare reactions that have been reported

Could the vaccine side effects be worse than getting COVID-19?

As with all vaccines, there’s a very small chance that there will be a serious side effect. However, the benefits of vaccination outweigh their risks. It is more likely to have a serious outcome as a result of getting COVID-19 than from getting vaccinated against COVID-19.

Where can I find information on the long-term effects of the vaccine?

As part of the vaccine safety program in Canada, ongoing monitoring of the COVID-19 vaccines will continue. Very careful tracking of side effects for those who are vaccinated is carried out at local, provincial and national levels. There is also longer-term follow-up of clinical trial participants. Health Canada posts weekly reports on vaccine safety.

Do mRNA vaccines cause pericarditis and/or myocarditis?

Rare cases of myocarditis and pericarditis have been reported after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) in Canada and internationally

Learn more about COVID-19 vaccine safety and side effects: Myocarditis and pericarditis

The benefits of COVID-19 vaccines continue to outweigh their potential risks, as scientific evidence shows that they reduce deaths and hospitalizations due to COVID-19. The Government of Canada encourages people to get vaccinated and to complete their recommended vaccine series as soon as they are eligible.

Video: Watch Dr. Ainsworth (Hamilton Health Sciences) speak about myocarditis and vaccines

Advisory: https://healthycanadians.gc.ca/recall-alert-rappel-avis/hc-sc/2021/75959a-eng.php

Can I get the COVID-19 virus from the vaccine?

The vaccines will not give you a COVID-19 infection. None of the approved vaccines contains a live version of the COVID-19 virus. Instead all the vaccines either deliver, or cause our bodies to make, harmless spike proteins only found on the surface of the COVID-19 virus and teaches your body how to spot and respond to this protein so when the real virus comes along, the body can fight it off.

How do I report an adverse reaction to the vaccine?

Severe reactions are uncommon but if you need immediate medical assistance, call 911.

View our fact sheet for a list of common, expected side effects and uncommon side effects that may need to be reported as adverse reactions(PDF, 134.94 KB)

Discuss any of the uncommon reactions with your family doctor. If you don’t have a family doctor, a walk-in clinic might be preferred. A doctor can diagnose these uncommon reactions and report them to public health. If you do not have access to a doctor, please call Hamilton Public Health Services Vaccine program at 905-546-2424 ext. 7556 to report symptoms.

I have a health condition. How can I be sure the vaccine is safe?

Some individuals may consider themselves more vulnerable to side effects or negative effects from the vaccine. Speak with your doctor or health care provider about any questions or concerns you have about COVID-19 vaccines.

Can people who have autoimmune disorders or are immunocompromised get the vaccines?

The following are recommendations from the Ontario Ministry of Health: COVID-19 Vaccine Administration

It is recommended that all moderately to severely immunocompromised individuals receive a 3-dose primary series of COVID-19 vaccine. These individuals are encouraged to speak with their treating health care provider regarding the timing of vaccination in relation to therapy for their underlying health condition and/or treatment modification in view of possible decreased vaccine effectiveness with the use of immunosuppressive therapy. See the COVID-19 Vaccine: Canadian Immunization Guide’s section on immunocompromised persons.

It is recommended that re-vaccination with a new COVID-19 vaccine primary series be initiated post-transplantation for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), hematopoietic cell transplants (HCT) (autologous or allogeneic), and recipients of CAR-T-cell therapy given the loss of immunity following therapy or transplant. Optimal timing for re-immunization should be determined on a case-by-case basis in consultation with the clinical team. For additional information on organ transplantation, consult the Canadian Society of Transplantation statement on COVID-19 vaccination.

• For additional information on rheumatology, consult the Canadian Rheumatology Association statement on COVID-19 vaccination.
• For additional information on inflammatory bowel disease, consult the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology statement on COVID-19 vaccination.
• For additional information on immunodeficiency conditions consult the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
• For frequently asked questions about COVID-19 vaccine and adult cancer patients, consult Cancer Care Ontario.

Can people who have allergies get the vaccines?

This information is from the Ontario Ministry of Health: COVID-19 Vaccination Administration

Individuals with known allergies to components of the vaccines may speak with an appropriate physician or Nurse Practitioner for evaluation. This assessment will enable the development of a vaccination care plan which may include receiving the vaccine under the supervision of your physician.

Documentation of the discussion with the physician/NP may be provided to the clinic and can include a vaccination care plan (including what types of parameters the clinic should meet to provide safe vaccination administration, such as availability of advanced medical care to manage anaphylaxis), details/severity of the previous allergic episode(s), confirm that appropriate counselling on the safe administration of vaccine was provided, and include the date, the clinician’s name, signature and contact information as well as the individual’s name and date of birth.

Have COVID-19 vaccines been linked to infertility or miscarriage?

COVID-19 vaccines do not cause male or female infertility. There is no scientific reason that the COVID-19 vaccines would impact fertility for those people trying to get pregnant. No loss of fertility has been reported among trial participants or among the millions who have received the vaccines to date, and no signs of infertility appeared in animal studies. Recent research showed that there were no differences in the numbers of conceptions in the vaccine trials between participants who got the vaccine and those who got the placebo. Studies show that pregnant women are more likely to be hospitalized when they have COVID-19, but they are not more likely to miscarry.

If you are considering or undergoing IVF or fertility treatments, speak with your health care provider about vaccination.  (Source: https://sunnybrook.ca/content/?page=pregnancy-breastfeeding-fertility-covid-19-vaccine).

Sources:

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) 
• Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada
• Questions and answers about vaccination during pregnancy

Can people who are pregnant or breastfeeding get vaccinated?

You can safely get the COVID-19 vaccine before becoming pregnant or in any trimester of pregnancy. COVID-19 vaccines are also safe if you are or, plan to begin, breastfeeding. More information can be found on the Ministry COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy webpage.

For additional information on COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy:

• Video from Ontario health care providers (English, French, Arabic, Cantonese, Farsi, Mandarin, Spanish, Tamil, Vietnamese, Yoruba)
• Information on the COVID-19 vaccine and pregnancy (Prenatal Screening Ontario)
• Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada
• Drs Packer and Costescu (HHS): Getting vaccinated while pregnant
• Questions and Answers on Fertility, Pregnancy and Breastfeeding (City of Hamilton, Fall 2021)
• Ontario Ministry of Health vaccination during pregnancy

Can I get the COVID-19 vaccine while I am menstruating (having my period)? Will it affect my cycle?

People who menstruate (get a period) do not need to schedule their COVID-19 vaccine around their menstrual cycle. There are no issues with getting the vaccine during your period.

Delaying your vaccine around your cycle may leave you unprotected from COVID-19 for a longer time without providing any known benefit.

Menstruation can be influenced by many things, such as environmental changes, stress, sleep and some medications. When your immune system is working hard because you’re vaccinated or sick, you may experience changes in how the lining (endometrium) of the uterus responds so it is possible to see some changes in menstruation.

Researchers are confident that the vaccine is safe, and that there is not enough data to suggest that there should be concerns over potential changes to the menstrual cycle.

The good news is that any changes you experience in your menstrual cycle after getting the vaccine are temporary, so it shouldn’t be a reason not to get a shot. However, people with concerns should speak with their doctor since cycles can be delayed for other reasons as well.

Source: Immunize BC

City of Hamilton Public Health Services has Vaccine Ambassadors from diverse communities who are doing community outreach activities and education about COVID-19 vaccinations. Please contact [email protected].

Vaccine Information Videos

• Vaccine Q & A in English and Spanish (Mexicanas en Hamilton and Dr. Tammy Packer)
• Vaccine Q & A (English, South Asian)
• Vaccine Q & A (Arabic, Rami Safi, Pharmacist)
• Should I get a COVID-19 vaccine if I’m pregnant? (English, French, Arabic, Cantonese, Farsi, Mandarin, Spanish, Tamil, Vietnamese, Yoruba)
• Ottawa Public Health COVID-19 vaccine video (American Sign Language)
• Healthcare workers: why we got the vaccine
• To book an appointment to speak to a physician about vaccination please visit: https://www.shn.ca/vaxfacts/. Telephone consultations with doctors are available in more than 200 languages.

If I had COVID-19, how long should I wait before getting a COVID-19 vaccine?

Infection with COVID-19 prior to getting 1st or 2nd dose (or completing primary series)

Individuals 6 months of age and older who are not considered immunocompromised and with no previous history of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C):

• Suggested interval: receive their first or second dose 8 weeks after the start of symptoms, or the date of their positive test if they didn’t have symptoms.

Individuals 6 months of age and older who are moderately to severely immunocompromised, and with no previous history of MIS-C:

• Suggested interval: receive the vaccine 4-8 weeks after the start of symptoms or the date of their positive test if they didn’t have symptoms.

Individuals 6 months of age and older with a previous history of MIS-C (regardless of immunocompromised status):

• Suggested interval: receive the vaccine when clinical recovery has been achieved or ≥90 days since the onset of MIS-C, whichever is longer.

You can discuss the timing of doses with your doctor or health care provider. With informed consent, individuals may also receive a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as they do not have symptoms and have completed their isolation after being sick with COVD-19. However, longer intervals between infection and vaccination may result in a better immune response.

Infection with COVID-19 after 2nd dose (or completing primary series) but before first booster dose and/or second booster dose.

Individuals who are eligible for booster dose(s):

• Suggested interval: a minimum of 6 months after symptoms started or 6 months after receiving a positive test result if you didn’t have symptoms.

Waiting for 6 months after your infection before receiving your booster dose may provide even better protection. 

You can discuss the timing of doses with your doctor or health care provider. With informed consent, individuals may also receive a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as they do not have symptoms and have completed their isolation after being sick with COVD-19. However, longer intervals between infection and vaccination may result in a better immune response.

I want to receive the J & J or Novavax vaccine. How can I access it?

If you are interested in receiving a Novavax or J&J vaccine, please call the COVID-19 vaccine Booking Line at (905) 974-9848, option 7 for more information and to find out about clinic options. J & J fact sheet(PDF, 156.13 KB)

I had my first vaccine outside of Ontario. How can get my next dose?

You must bring proof of your first vaccine (i.e., paper receipt) and ID to the public health vaccine clinic. Clinic staff will review the documents.

When can I get my next booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine?

If you have not received a booster dose since September 2022 booster doses may be received at a minimum of 6 months after your last COVID-19 vaccine or infection. Individuals that are at high risk of serious complications should consider getting an additional booster dose. This includes these groups:

• Individuals 65 years of age or older
• Residents of congregate living centres:
  • for seniors such as long term care homes, retirement homes and Elder Care lodges
  • for adults 18 years of age or older with complex medical needs
• Pregnant individuals
• Individuals aged 18 years and older who are moderately to severely immunocompromised
• Individuals 55 years of age or older who identify as First Nations, Inuit or Métis and their non-Indigenous household members 55 years of age and older

Vaccine consent form (all ages), vaccine information and what happens after you receive your vaccine (33 languages)

What do I need to bring to my vaccination appointment?

• Proof of identity - government-issued photo ID, such as a driver’s license, health card, passport, or Status Card can be used. Your ID needs to have your name, address, and photo and birthdate on it.
• Confirmation email or code.
• Wear a loose-fitting shirt with sleeves that roll up. 
• You will be given a consent form at the Vaccine Clinic.

What ID can I use if I don’t have a health card?

Option 1: Show one of these pieces of ID that have your current Hamilton address

• your driver's licence
• any other card issued by a Canadian government (federal, provincial/territorial or local) with your photo, name and current address

Option 2: Show two pieces of ID

Both must have your name and at least one must have your current address. Examples:

Can I choose which vaccine I get?

All available COVID-19 mRNA vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna are available at the clinics.  All vaccines offered at the clinic are considered safe and effective.  Based on age or previous COVID-19 vaccines received, the Ontario government has made some recommendations.  At the clinic, we will discuss these recommendations and help you make an informed decision regarding the vaccine you will receive. 

Ministry of Health Recommendations

• Individuals who received 2 doses of AstraZeneca/COVIDSHIELD or 1 dose of J&J can choose to receive Pfizer or Moderna bivalent vaccine for their booster dose.

• Adults 70 years of age and older, eligible immunocompromised individuals, residents of long-term care homes, retirement homes or older adults in other congregate living setting can receive a bivalent Pfizer of Moderna vaccine for their booster. 

• Ages 5 to 29 years - Primary Series (1^st 2 doses):  The Ontario government recommends the use of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for individuals aged 5 to 29 years old for their first two primary doses. 

• If individuals aged 5 to 29 years old wish to receive Moderna, they can continue to do so with informed consent.  Please talk to your health care provider or a staff member at the vaccine clinic to ensure you have the information needed to make a choice that works for you or your child.

• Ages 12 years to 17 years – Booster Dose:  The Ontario government recommends the use of Pfizer bivalent for the individuals receiving a booster dose in this age group, regardless of what vaccine was given for their primary series.

• Ages 5 to 11 years – Booster Dose:  Currently, Pfizer is the only bivalent booster available for this age group.  The Pfizer bivalent vaccine can be given regardless of what vaccine was given for their primary series.

• Ages 6 months to under 5 years – Primary Series:  To complete a primary series, Moderna requires 2 doses for this age group.  A primary series of Pfizer for this age group requires 3 doses.  Not one vaccine is recommended over the other, but parents may want to consider this when making a decision.

Are the vaccines free?

The vaccines are free. You will not be asked for any financial information.

Will the vaccine interfere with my medications or other substances I use?

The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) in Canada notes that no drug interaction studies have been performed to date, so we do not know if there could be interference with medications or substances such as drugs or alcohol. 

Can people who use substances or have substance use disorders get a COVID-19 vaccine?

Yes, you can get a COVID-19 vaccine regardless of past or current drug use. It is important that you are not under the influence of alcohol or any substances at your vaccine appointment. This is because substance use can impact your ability to give informed consent and lessen your ability to understand the risks and benefits of the vaccine.

Is it OK to eat or drink before getting the vaccine?

Yes, continue to eat your meals and stay hydrated as usual. Make sure you have something to eat before coming to the clinic to prevent feeling faint while being vaccinated. This can be especially helpful for some individuals who have needle fears or a history of fainting with needles.

Will I be able to bring a family member with me?

Yes

How long will I have to wait in the clinic after receiving my COVID-19 vaccine?

You will have to wait in the clinic for a minimum of 15 minutes after getting the vaccine. You may need to stay longer if necessary.

Does Hamilton collect social or demographic data on people who get vaccinated?

People who attend a vaccination clinic will have the option to provide information about their race, ethnicity, income, household size, and language to help Hamilton Public Health Services and the Ministry of Health plan COVID-19 vaccinations for communities that are at-risk and disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. Find the consent form

What happens if I develop symptoms after leaving the vaccine clinic?

Severe reactions are uncommon. If you need medical assistance, please seek medical attention. Call 911 if you need assistance immediately.

Signs of serious allergic reactions may include:

• difficulty breathing
• swelling of face, throat or tongue
• hives (bumps on the skin that are itchy)

If these occur, a doctor should report them to Hamilton Public Health Services.

Other uncommon adverse reactions that should be reported to Hamilton Public Health Services include:

• rash
• swelling of arm that spreads to the next joint (elbow) or lasts 4 days or more
• pain that lasts 4 days or more
• fainting that causes injury
• swelling of the face or mouth
• very pale colour and serious drowsiness
• high fever (over 40°C)
• convulsions or seizures
• other serious symptoms (e.g., “pins and needles” or numbness lasting for over 24 hours).

Discuss any of the uncommon reactions with your family doctor. If you don’t have a family doctor, a walk-in clinic might be preferred. A doctor can diagnose these uncommon reactions.

You can submit the form for adverse reactions to public health by fax to  the Vaccine program’s confidential fax line: 905-546-4841.

If you have any other inquiries and/or you are unable to submit the AEFI report through the two methods above, call 905-546-2424 ext. 7556.

Allow up to 15 business days for us to process your AEFI report. A public health nurse will contact you by phone to follow-up with you.

AEFI Reporting Form and AEFI fact sheet

Read more about COVID-19 Vaccine adverse effects(PDF, 134.94 KB)

Do I need to get a COVID-19 vaccine if I was vaccinated outside of Ontario?

Refer to the provincial government recommendations for vaccines not authorized by Health Canada.

The government is continuing to review these guidelines.

If you are eligible for a third dose due to out of province vaccination, we recommend you register for an Ontario vaccine receipt before going to a clinic for a third dose (see instructions for how to register to get an Ontario vaccine receipt above).

If you book an appointment or walk-in to a public health clinic to receive a third dose before registering for an Ontario vaccine receipt, your vaccine documents will be checked at the vaccinate clinic. Pharmacies or other community led clinics may require registration for an Ontario vaccine receipt before they can provide a third dose.

If I was vaccinated outside of Ontario, how can I get proof of vaccination?

If you were vaccinated in another country or province or if you received federal vaccine supply (i.e., Federal stock used for Correctional Facilities, Military groups, Embassies, First Nations etc), complete the COVID-19 Immunization submission form(PDF, 248.32 KB). If you are unable to complete this form on your computer, print the form and fill it out completely. Please submit the form and the proof of vaccination document that was provided from the clinic where you received the vaccine. You can submit these documents by:

1. Fax 905-546-4841
    
2. Drop off
   City of Hamilton
   Vaccine Program
   2nd floor Robert Thomson Building, 110 King St W
   Hamilton, ON
   L8P 4V3
   Drop off Monday to Friday 8:30 am to 4:30 pm
    
3. Mail
   City of Hamilton
   Public Health Services, Vaccine Program
   P.O. Box 897, Hamilton, Ontario
   L8N 3P6

It will take up to 7 days for the record to be reviewed and entered into the COVID-19 vaccination records database (COVAXon).

Residents are required to submit or show their record of receipt for the first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine prior to receiving their second dose to ensure the correct interval between doses and to determine the need for a subsequent dose.

Please follow the steps below to obtain your proof of vaccination:

• Visit covid19.ontariohealth.ca
• Enter health card information
• Click on the yellow Vaccine Receipt button, and then you can download your receipt

If you do not have an Ontario Health Card, email [email protected] with the following information:

• Your phone number
• A sentence explaining that you are looking for proof of vaccination and that you do not have a green Ontario photo health card

For specific inquiries, call Hamilton Public Health Vaccine Records line at 905-540-5250.

If you would like more information about your vaccination, contact your health care provider or if you do not have a health care provider, call Hamilton Public Health Services Vaccine Infoline: 905-546-2424 ext. 7556.

COVID-19 Guidance for Individuals Vaccinated Outside of Ontario/Canada

How to update your Ontario COVID-19 Vaccine Certificate to your chosen name?

What to do if you have no ID

If you have no ID, please work with your community organizations, school or medical provider to verify your identity. You may submit these alternative IDs to the health unit for processing. The Vaccine Records department will contact you if additional details are required.

After you’ve updated your vaccine certificate with your chosen name

If you are travelling outside of Canada but haven’t updated your passport with your Chosen Name, you will need to travel under your old IDs. Please call the Provincial Vaccine Contact Centre (PVCC) and ask them to switch back your vaccine certificate to your former name or name on your Ontario health card. You can then download the vaccine certificate in your former name. If you would like to switch back to your Chosen Name upon your return to Canada, please call the PVCC again to switch your vaccine certificate back to your chosen name.

When talking to vaccine providers, clinics, public health units, or the PVCC, let them know that you have updated your proof of vaccine credential to your chosen name.

Need help or have questions?

Call the Provincial Vaccine Contact Centre (PVCC) at 1-833-943-3900 (TTY for people who are deaf, hearing-impaired or speech-impaired: 1-866-797-0007). Available in over 300 languages, 8 am to 8 pm, 7 days a week (holidays excluded).